I bias nell’intelligenza artificiale: un riflesso della società - AI news

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Gemini non risponderà alle domande sulle elezioni del mondo - AI newsCardiochirurgia,Professore del Dipartimento di Gestione del Rischio di BlackRock gli interventi mini-invasivi sempre più diffusi di Italpress   08-07-2024 - 17:11 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} ROMA (ITALPRESS) - Bypass coronarico, sostituzione delle valvole cardiache, riparazione della valvola mitrale, asportazione dei tumori primitivi e trapianti sono i principali interventi della cardiochirurgia, una branca della medicina in trasformazione verso una minore invasività. Rispetto agli interventi a cuore aperto, la cardiochirurgia mininvasiva danneggia in maniera molto lieve i tessuti che circondano il cuore, e consente di ottenere dei buoni risultati, riducendo il ricovero necessario presso l'unità di terapia intensiva e i tempi per il recupero totale del paziente.Sono questi alcuni dei temi trattati da Marco Agrifoglio, professore associato di chirurgia cardiaca presso l'Università degli Studi di Milano e direttore dell'Unità semplice di cardiochirurgia post-intensiva presso l'ospedale Centro cardiologico Monzino, intervistato da Marco Klinger, per Medicina Top, format tv dell'agenzia di stampa Italpress."Gli interventi di cardiochirurgia si stanno riducendo grazie ai progressi tecnologici della cardiologia - ha esordito - Molti interventi, con le ultime innovazioni, hanno risparmiato diverse operazioni. E' al contempo nettamente aumentata l'età media dei pazienti, ora più del 20% dei soggetti operati ha oltre 80 anni". Agrifoglio è sceso nei dettagli: "Quando gli interventi sono tra virgolette più semplici, si cerca di fare una procedura mininvasiva. Se sono più complessi, dobbiamo fare un'apertura più ampia perché dobbiamo controllare totalmente il cuore - ha spiegato - Nell'intervento classico, con il cuore che è coperto dalla gabbia toracica, dobbiamo passare o dallo sterno o da tagli laterali lungo le coste. La mininvasività è una cosa particolare, tutti i nostri interventi si fanno con la macchina cuore-polmone - ha precisato il professore - Grazie alla macchina cuore-polmone è nata la cardiochirurgia moderna"."La nostra sala operatoria ha un elemento in più, che è il perfusionista che comanda la macchina cuore-polmone. Gli interventi mininvasivi comportano comunque sempre l'utilizzo della macchina cuore-polmone e sono interventi più difficili e complessi - ha ribadito Agrifoglio - In Europa l'incidenza di questi accessi mini invasivi è al 30%, in Germania già al 50%, negli Stati Uniti invece solo il 15%, il cuore è l'unico organo che si muove e rende complesso l'intervento". Per quanto riguarda la sostituzione della valvola aortica: "Negli ultimi 20 anni c'è stato un grande passaggio in avanti grazie all'invenzione di un cardiologo francese, Alain Cribier, che è morto quest'anno ma è stato un antesignano, perché nel 2002 fu l'artefice del primo impianto percutaneo di protesi valvolare aortica, la TAVI - ha ricordato - C'era un paziente inoperabile, riuscì a impiantare la valvola senza la macchina cuore-polmone. Per pazienti anziani e fragili si procede così, il limite di anzianità è stato portato 75 anni, e la TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, ndr) è utile anche nei re-interventi in caso, per esempio, di protesi deteriorate".E sulla valvola mitrale: "Si trova tra l'atrio sinistro e il ventricolo sinistro, si chiama così perché ricorda la mitra del Vescovo - ha raccontato Agrifoglio - Qui funzionano bene gli interventi di ricostruzione transcatetere che riducono l'insufficienza mitralica. Questo intervento è stato creato da un italiano, il professor Alfieri del San Raffaele, inizialmente era un'idea bistrattata all'estero e poi si è invece rivelata vincente". Infine, sui rischi legati a un intervento di cardiochirurgia: "Per gli interventi standard il rischio è sotto il 2%, però il paziente deve essere attentamente valutato a livello preparatorio - ha concluso - Le complicanze vengono ulteriormente ridotte con la checklist pre e post operatoria".- Foto Italpress -(ITALPRESS).xd7/fsc/sat/red08-Lug-24 17:10. di Italpress   08-07-2024 - 17:11 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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