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Washington, un aereo sospetto si è schiantato: nessun superstiteIl Premio Nobel,MACD Yunus, presidente del Bangladesh, nell'esecutivo anche due studenti. Chi è l'inventore del microcredito L'economista 84enne portato al governo dai movimenti studenteschi che hanno guidato le proteste. Suo compito sarà guidare il popoloso Paese musulmano, dopo la fuga della ex premier, Sheikh Hasina, a nuove elezioni. La sua popolarità è dovuta all'impegno sociale verso i più poveri e ai suoi studi sulla finanza etica di Antonella Loi   09-08-2024 - 15:54 Link copiato Yunus insieme agli studenti (Ansa) #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Nel 2006 gli fu assegnato il Premio Nobel per la pace per aver inventato il microcredito, ovvero il sistema dei piccoli finanziamenti senza garanzie destinati alle popolazioni più povere del Bangladesh. Dopo le proteste guidate dagli studenti che hanno portato alla destituzione della presidente Sheikh Hasina, l'incarico di formare il nuovo governo è andato a lui, Muhammad Yunus. L'economista è stato chiamato a guidare la fase di transizione che durerà tre mesi e che porterà a nuove elezioni. Dopo il giuramento come "Chief Adviser" avvenuto giovedì 8 agosto nelle mani del presidente Mohammed Shahabuddin, Yusuf ha già stabilito come sarà composto il suo governo nel quale, fatto mai accaduto prima al mondo, due dicasteri saranno affidati a due studenti.  Asif Mahmud e Md Nahid Islam, rispettivamente studente del master in Linguistica dell’Università di Dacca e studente al master del Dipartimento di Sociologia della stessa Università, neo "consiglieri" dell'esecutivo di Yunus, sono due dei leader della rivolta che ha portato alla destituzione e fuga della presidente, al potere da 15 anni. I due giovani sono capi del movimento "Studenti contro la discriminazione" (Students Against Discrimination) nato all’inizio di luglio, che ha promosso le manifestazioni e portato al rovesciamento del governo. DEll'esecutivo fanno parte anche 4 donne, mentre il ministero degli interni è andato al capo di stato maggiore generale dell’esercito bangladese M Sakhawat Hossain - Yunus ha il favore dell'esercito - mentre l’ex governatore della Banca Centrale del Bangladesh Salahuddin Ahmed gestirà le Finanze e la pianificazione economica. Yunus terrà per sé 27 portafogli, tra cui l'istruzione, l'energia e la Difesa.Le manifestazioni represse nel sangueLa proteste si sono infiammate nelle maggiori città del Paese a seguito di un provvedimento del governo che ripristinava un sistema di quote per il reclutamento dei dipendenti nel settore pubblico che, di fatto, penalizzava le fasce più povere e più giovani della popolazione, in un paese dove si stima che 18 milioni di giovani siano disoccupati. Le manifestazioni sono state represse nel sangue tanto che solo nel mese di giugno sono morte almeno 206 persone e centinaia sono state incarcerate. Uno dei compiti affidati al nuovo governo, accolto con favore da larga parte della popolazione, è quella di stabilire le responsabilità delle violenze perpetrate dalla polizia contro i manifestanti, per lo più giovani donne e giovani uomini. Dal microcredito al Nobel per la paceYunus, 84 anni, ha ricevuto il Nobel per la Pace nel 2006, per il suo sostegno all'imprenditoria negli strati più poveri della popolazione, un sistema che si basa sulla fiducia e sulla bontà delle iniziative. I finanziamenti, anche molto piccoli, vengono erogati senza la pretesa di garanzie e con un metodo di remun erazione ridotto. L’idea di fondo è che i poveri abbiano attitudini e capacità imprenditoriali sottoutilizzate a causa dell’impossibilità di accedere ai finanziamenti necessari. Il sistema bancario tradizionale infatti non concede prestiti, nemeno piccoli, se non ci sono garanzie a sostegno. Buona parte della sua attività, per la quale il riconoscimento più prestigioso è stato il Nobel, è stata attuata con la Grameen Bank che ha fondato e di cui è stato direttore dal 1983 al 2011.  Le sue teorie di lotta alla povertà partano dalla constatazione della povertà strutturale che insiste nel suo Paese e che arriva fino al 40 per cento, per cui milioni di persone non arrivano a soddisfare i bisogni alimentari giornalieri. I suoi studi (Yunus è laureato in Economia all'Università di Chittagong nel Bangladesh e in seguito ha conseguito il Dottorato di ricerca in Economia presso l'Università Vanderbilt di Nashville nel Tennessee nel 1969, è stato inoltre professore di Economia presso la Middle Tennessee State University dal 1969 al 1972, quindi direttore del Dipartimento di Economia dell'Università di Chittagong dal 1972 al 1989) lo hanno portato a capire che la povertà non è frutto di ignoranza o indolenza delle persone ma conseguenza del carente sostegno da parte delle strutture finanziarie del Paese.Il microcredito ha fatto scuolaIl sistema messo in piedi da Yunus ha ricevuto grande attenzione e il modello viene tutt'ora studiato in tante università. Anche la Banca Mondiale ha cambiato registro adottando il "modello Yunus" come metodo di emancipazione degli strati più bassi di popolazione. Oggi il microcredito è uno dei metodi più usati di sviluppo economico e sociale, diffuso in oltre 100 Stati. La sua Grameen Bank ha erogato più di 5 miliardi di dollari a più di 5 milioni di beneficiari.  di Antonella Loi   09-08-2024 - 15:54 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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