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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Dai videogiornali di Mussolini ad Archivio storico della Memoria del mondo dell’Unesco. “L’Unione cinematografica Educativa” (Luce), piccola società anonima, è stata fondata nel 1924 per combattere l’analfabetismo e sviluppare l’educazione della popolazione italiana ancora quasi totalmente analfabeta attraverso le immagini. Già l’anno dopo fu trasformata in un ente morale con un regio decreto. Cominciò l’impiego a scopi propagandistici del Luce da parte del governo fascista e la Presidenza del Consiglio ne impose l’utilizzo esclusivo diramando una circolare ai ministri dell’Interno, della Pubblica Istruzione, dell’Economia e delle Colonie. Negli anni l’Istituto Luce è diventato un corpus documentario ineguagliabile per comprendere il processo di formazione dei regimi totalitari, i meccanismi di creazione e sviluppo dell’immaginario visivo e delle condizioni di vita della società negli anni Venti e Trenta del secolo scorso. Oggi può far ricordare agli italiani il valore della democrazia ◆ L’articolo di ANNALISA ADAMO AYMONE► Memoria collettiva è un’espressione coniata agli inizi del Novecento dal sociologo e filosofo francese Maurice Halbwachs che, dopo aver lavorato presso il ministero della Guerra e poi all’Università di Strasburgo con Marc Bloch e Charles Blondel, fortemente segnato dall’esperienza della ricostruzione successiva alla Grande Guerra, cominciò a delineare i tratti salienti di una vera e propria teoria. È accaduto più volte che la ‘materia o lo spazio del ricordo’ sia diventato memoria collettiva universalmente riconosciuta malgrado il punto di partenza costituisca il frutto di un percorso, talvolta, molto controverso, addirittura sconcertante e piegato a logiche individuali e ideologiche. È questo il caso dell’Istituto Luce, inizialmente piccola società cinematografica che a partire dal 1924 si occupava di combattere l’analfabetismo e sviluppare l’educazione della popolazione italiana ancora quasi totalmente analfabeta attraverso le immagini. Denominata con l’acronimo Luce, “L’Unione cinematografica Educativa”, la società anonima già nel 1925 venne trasformata da Mussolini in un ente morale con un regio decreto. Fu così che cominciò l’impiego del Luce a scopi propagandistici ed educativi da parte del governo fascista tanto che la Presidenza del Consiglio ne impose l’utilizzo esclusivo diramando una circolare ai ministri dell’Interno, della Pubblica Istruzione, dell’Economia e delle Colonie. L’Archivio Storico Luce — che costituisce un corpus documentario ineguagliabile per comprendere il processo di formazione dei regimi totalitari, i meccanismi di creazione e sviluppo dell’immaginario visivo e delle condizioni di vita della società italiana dell’epoca — ha di fatto attraversato un secolo tra alterne vicende di controllo ed autonomia. Nel primo ventennio fu sostenuto fortemente dal regime fascista, divenendo un cellula strategica e importantissima della propaganda, tanto da creare — attraverso videogiornali e pubblicazioni quotidiane — il più grande monumento celebrativo al duce e al fascismo. Successivamente, in un’alternanza di fasi molto diverse tra loro, le funzioni e le prerogative del L.u.c.e. cambiarono sensibilmente. Oggi rappresenta una fonte unica di informazione sull’Italia negli anni del regime fascista, sul contesto internazionale del fascismo (compresa l’Africa Orientale e l’Albania ma anche ben oltre i territori occupati dall’Italia fascista, soprattutto durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale) e sulla società di massa negli anni ’20-’30. Non sempre in questo lungo secolo la storia del L.u.c.e. è stata caratterizzata e coesa — come analiticamente spiegato dall’Istituto Treccani — ma «all’inizio del nuovo millennio il Luce è apparso come una realtà di nuovo vitale, capace di valorizzare e far rivivere il proprio patrimonio con una nuova politica di circolazione multimediale e di assumere un ruolo da protagonista e difensore delle ragioni cinematografiche su una scena produttiva del cinema italiano sempre più dominata dalle ragioni e dalle logiche televisive». Per tutti questi motivi l’Archivio storico Luce è entrato nel Registro Memoria del Mondo dell’Unesco nel 2013, a conclusione di una procedura avviata dal 1995, essendo di tale inestimabile valore per la memoria collettiva — non solo nazionale ma dell’umanità — da dover essere reso accessibile alle nuove generazioni e protetto dalle numerose minacce che possono cospirare per impedire che queste memorie circolino liberamente e in modo ottimale. L’entrata nel Memoria del Mondo dell’Unesco non cambia il fatto che i documenti dell’Archivio, pur essendo a disposizione di ognuno per lo studio e la ricerca, siano soggetti a copyright in caso di utilizzo attraverso televisioni, festival ed altri mezzi di divulgazione. Anche se mai come in questo momento la massima condivisione della conoscenza di questo patrimonio documentale, determinante per una promozione del dialogo, della pace, della libertà, dei diritti umani e della dignità — come ha sostenuto l’Unesco in una raccomandazione del 2015 — può far ricordare agli italiani, e non solo, il valore della democrazia. © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   14-03-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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