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Quali sono le terre rare che l'Ue vuole estrarre di Antonella Loi   07-08-2024 - 09:33 Link copiato La miniera di Silius (Ansa) #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,Guglielmo#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Una ridda di terre rare e preziose materie prime che l'Italia e gli altri Stati dell'Ue sono obbligati a prodursi in casa perché necessari per la transizione ecologica e digitale. Il decreto "Materie prime" approvato in via definitiva dal Senato dà questa indicazione, stabilendo procedure accelerate (massimo 18 mesi) per l'autorizzazione all'apertura di nuove miniere e giacimenti. All'Ispra spetterà invece il compito di realizzare una mappa aggioranta dei siti da revisionare ogni 5 anni. Per il ministro delle Imprese, Adolfo Urso, l'Italia "è all’avanguardia in Europa nel garantire le materie prime critiche necessarie per accelerare la transizione digitale e verde".  Il regolamento Ue 1252/2024 (Critical Raw Materials Act) recepito dall'Italia con il testo approvato in seconda lettura al Senato, incoraggia gli Stati sull’approvvigionamento sicuro e sostenibile delle materie prime critiche e strategiche, presenti in poche aree che sono però esposte ad un approvvigionamento elevato e con una domanda in continuo aumento. Sono quei materiali necessari per far funzionare la nostra tecnologia, per intenderci, e per permetterci di continuare con il nostro stile di vita e che oggi vengono importati per la quasi totalità. La "mappa" dei siti fatto dall'IspraL'Ispra, come detto, dovrà mappare le aree con possibili nuovi siti estrattivi già conosciuti e chiusi da decenni e che oggi potrebbero essere riaperti. In tutto l'obiettivo indicato dall'Ue è arrivare all'importazione delle terre rare per un quantitativo non superiore al 65% per ogni Stato. Si tenga conto che l'Italia a oggi importa fino al 90 per cento delle materie di cui necessita. L'Ispra ha contato ben 55 possibili miniere o giacimenti utili, a cominciare da quella di Siluis, nel Sud Sardegna, chiusa nel 2006 ma acquisita lo scorso anno dalla Mineraria Gerrei, la società che ha ottenuto la concessione, che conta di riavviare l'attività di estrazione della fluourite (previsione di produzione annua di 70 mila tonnellate di fluorite al 97,5% e 6.800 tonnellate di galena) entro pochi mesi. La flourite viene utilizzata nell’industria di vetro, acciaio, alluminio, elettronica e refrigerazione. Si capisce quindi come tale produzione sia "strategica". Chi non ci sta, almeno non a queste condizioni, è la Sardegna che già in Conferenza unificata Stato Regioni aveva sollevato la questione del non coinvolgimento dell'Ente autonomo nel processo di valutazione e di concessione delle autorizzazioni, rivendicando la competenza esclusiva in materia di cave e miniere nel territorio di competenza. Una sollevazione simile è arrivata anche dalla Toscana che ugualmente lamenta l'esclusione dai processi decisionali. Ma in quella sede quasi tutte le Regioni votarono a favore del provvedimento del governo che stabiliva, come detto, procedure semplificate tutte in capo al ministero.Todde impugna la legge davanti alla Consulta Ora che il decreto è diventato legge, la governatrice Alessandra Todde la impugna davanti alla Corte costituzionale per violazione delle competenze della Sardegna. Nessun "coinvolgimento nel processo di valutazione" e nessuna "intesa vincolante" è prevista nel testo. Per la presidente, si legge in una nota diffusa all'indomani dell'approvazione del testo alla Camera. "Il Governo dispone una disciplina lesiva non solo del nostro Statuto e delle nostre competenze esclusive in materia di sfruttamento di cave e miniere, ma mina la possibilità per noi sardi di tutelare ambiente e paesaggio", si legge. Infatti, ha spiegato Todde, "il Governo vuole escludere tali interventi dalla valutazione di impatto ambientale che la nostra Regione dovrebbe poter effettuare quando si tratta del proprio territorio. Un atteggiamento ricorrente in questi ultimi tempi, pericoloso e incurante degli impatti che tali disposizioni avrebbero sul nostro territorio", ha detto la governatrice che si ritrova a combattere anche una battaglia contro le speculazioni eoliche.Le terre rare indicate dall'UeMa quali sono le materie rare che il nostro Paese dovrebbe cercare nel suo territorio ed estrarre? Il regolamento Ue ne individua 34, qui di seguito elencate: afnio, antimonio, arsenico, barite, bauxite, berillio, bismuto, boro, carbone metallurgico, cobalto, elementi leggeri delle terre rare, elementi pesanti delle terre rare, elio, feldspato, fluorite, fosfato, fosforo, gallio, germanio, grafite naturale, litio, manganese, magnesio, metalli del gruppo del platino, nichel (grado batterie), niobio, rame, scandio, silicio metallico, stronzio, tantalio, titanio metallico, tungsteno, vanadio. Cui si aggiungono 16 di quelle strategiche: bismuto, boro (grado metallurgico), cobalto, gallio, germanio, grafite naturale (grado batterie), litio (grado batteria), manganese (grado batteria), magnesio metallico, metalli del gruppo del platino, nichel (grado batterie), rame, silicio metallico, titanio metallico, tungsteno ed elementi delle terre rare per magneti: neodimio (Nd), praseodimio (Pr), terbio (Tb), disprosio (Dy), gadolinio (Gd), samario (Sm) e cerio (Ce). di Antonella Loi   07-08-2024 - 09:33 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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