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SEO&Love 2018: l'intervista ad Ale AgostiniDal Pacifico al Baltico,Economista Italiano in corso maxi esercitazione navale russa di Askanews   05-08-2024 - 17:52 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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(askanews) - Sullo sfondo dell'aggravarsi della situazione in Medio Oriente e mentre prosegue la guerra in Ucraina, sono in corso esercitazioni navali russe che coinvolgono le flotte del Nord, del Pacifico e del Baltico e la flottiglia del Caspio, con "300 navi di superficie e imbarcazioni, sottomarini e navi di supporto, fino a 50 aerei, più di 200 unità di equipaggiamento militare e speciale, oltre 20.000 militari". Il ministero della Difesa di Mosca ne ha dato notizia il 30 luglio - sul suo sito - precisando che si eseguiranno "oltre 300 esercizi di combattimento con l'uso pratico di armi. Inclusi: lancio di missili antiaerei, lancio di artiglieria su bersagli di addestramento marittimo e aereo, esercitazioni di combattimento sulla creazione di disturbi passivi per ritirare le forze dall'attacco di un finto 'nemico', nonché sull'uso di armi antisommergibili di superficie, navi e aviazione navale della Marina Militare".L'ultima esercitazione navale russa su larga scala risale ai tempi dell'invasione dell'Ucraina, nell'inverno del 2022. Ma cercando opzioni più significative, c'è stata l'azione sottomarina della Flotta del Nord del 2019: condotta nell'ottobre di quell'anno, secondo le dichiarazioni del Norwegian Intelligence Service rilasciate ai media norvegesi all'epoca, coinvolse 10 sottomarini, 8 dei quali a propulsione nucleare, operanti nel Mar di Norvegia ma anche oltre. E se i russi volessero dare un segnale alla NATO, quello probabilmente sarebbe lo stile.Lo scopo principale - a detta di Mosca - nel caso odierno sarebbe "verificare l'operato degli organi militari di comando e controllo della Marina a tutti i livelli, nonché la prontezza degli equipaggi delle navi, delle unità dell'aviazione navale e delle truppe costiere della Marina russa a svolgere le loro attività e i compiti previsti". Una frase che può voler dire poco o molto. I numeri forniti dal ministero russo, per quanto possano essere creativi, indicherebbero che la maggior parte degli scafi disponibili probabilmente partecipano all'esercitazione.Il primo dicembre dello scorso anno, l'allora ministro della Difesa russo in carica, Sergei Shoigu, annunciò che la principale esercitazione strategica russa per l'anno successivo si sarebbe chiamata "Okean-2024". E dato che le forze di terra sono impegnate nella guerra in Ucraina, mentre la Marina è in gran parte non toccata dalla guerra, si offre un'opportunità per un'esibizione di forza. Oltre a una ovvia deviazione dalla serie di esercitazioni su larga scala incentrate sulla terraferma, pre-invasione: "Zapad" (occidente), "Vostok" (oriente), "Tsentr" (centro) e "Kavkaz".Le esercitazioni "Okean" (oceano) non nascono ora: hanno una lunga tradizione, che contribuisce a stabilire le aspettative su ciò che si potrebbe vedere. La più famosa è forse Okean-70, che ha mostrato davvero cosa era diventata la Marina sovietica dell'ammiraglio Sergej Gorshkov e dove stava andando, in un'esercitazione mondiale. Erano gli anni 70.Ora, in questa estate partiolarmente torrida, a cinquant'anni di distanza da Okean-70, lo US Naval Institute a giugno ha reso noto che un sottomarino nucleare russo dotato di missili guidati con una gittata di 1.000 miglia nautiche era operativo al largo della costa orientale nell'ambito di esercitazioni missilistiche russe nell'Atlantico. Oggi l'ammiraglio Gorshkov è morto e sepolto nel cimitero di Novodevichi a Mosca, ma il suo nome lo porta una fregata lanciamissili (Admiral Gorshkov) che insime con il suddetto sottomarino (Kazan, un lanciamissili di classe Yasen-M) hanno testato virtualmente missili antinave nell'Atlantico."La Russia condurrà un'intensificata attività navale e aerea nei pressi degli Stati Uniti", si leggeva in una dichiarazione dell'Ufficio del Segretario della Difesa Usa interpellato dall'US Naval Institute sempre a giugno. "Queste azioni culmineranno probabilmente in un'esercitazione navale russa globale questo autunno. Ci aspettiamo che la Russia invierà temporaneamente navi da combattimento nella regione caraibica e queste navi probabilmente faranno scalo a Cuba e forse in Venezuela. Potrebbero esserci anche alcuni schieramenti o voli aerei nella regione. Gli schieramenti della Russia fanno parte dell'attività navale di routine e non siamo preoccupati dagli schieramenti della Russia, che non rappresentano una minaccia diretta per gli Stati Uniti".Sebbene le navi russe che operano nei Caraibi non siano una novità, il sottomarino e la fregata sono tra le navi da guerra russe più avanzate e la loro presenza è la più grande visita di navi della Marina russa nella regione da anni. Secondo il Royal United Services Institute (Rusi) il Kazan potrebbe schierare fino a 32 P-800, 40 Kalibir e un numero imprecisato di Zircon.Chiare preoccupazioni sulle manovre navali e sottomarine russe erano state avanzate da Oslo nei mesi scorsi. La Norvegia non affrontava minacce così gravi alla sua sicurezza nazionale da diversi decenni, avvertivano le tre principali autorità di intelligence del paese. Tra i principali obiettivi l'infrastruttura sottomarina norvegese. "Le forze militari russe rimangono la dimensione principale nelle minacce militari contro la sovranità, il territorio, le istituzioni della società centrale e le infrastrutture della Norvegia", si legge in Focus 2024, rapporto delle autorità di intelligence di Oslo. Secondo la relazione annuale del Norwegian Military Intelligence Service, gli estesi oleodotti e gasdotti sottomarini della Norvegia e l'infrastruttura che garantisce la copertura Internet del Paese sono un obiettivo chiave delle attività malevole russe.Nel corso degli anni la Russia ha mappato le infrastrutture petrolifere e del gas della Norvegia, e questo tipo di mappatura è ancora in corso, spiega il rapporto, e avverte che "questa conoscenza può avere importanza in una situazione di conflitto". Inoltre, secondo il rapporto uscito a febbraio, la Flotta del Nord russa ha capacità di navigazione in acque profonde che rappresentano una seria minaccia per le infrastrutture sottomarine occidentali.Peraltro la baia di Olenya, a circa 100 chilometri a est del confine con la Norvegia, sulla costa del Mare di Barents, ospita una flotta russa di sottomarini spia a propulsione nucleare e di navi di superficie che, secondo la NATO, hanno intensificato notevolmente le attività attorno ai cavi dati sottomarini nell'Atlantico settentrionale. "Il programma russo di intelligence sottomarina (Gugi) ha a disposizione navi di superficie avanzate, sottomarini e altre capacità per la mappatura, la ricognizione e il sabotaggio di cavi di comunicazione civili e installazioni sottomarine", avverte il servizio di intelligence norvegese. "Gugi ha una notevole capacità di minacciare le infrastrutture sottomarine critiche e i settori energetici norvegesi e occidentali", aggiunge. "Gugi" è il soprannome del Direttorato principale per la ricerca in acque profonde, un'unità direttamente subordinata allo Stato maggiore delle forze armate russe.(di Cristina Giuliano). di Askanews   05-08-2024 - 17:52 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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