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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Esce il libro di Fabio Balocco “Sotto l’acqua”, sottotitolo: “Storia di invasi e di borghi sommersi”. Per fatale coincidenza viene pubblicato lo stesso giorno in cui sull’Appennino emiliano, nel lago artificiale di Suviana, è esplosa una centrale idroelettrica con tre morti e cinque feriti gravi: quattro persone, tra operai e tecnici di Enel Green Power e delle ditte di appalto, le stanno cercando a quaranta metri di profondità, sott’acqua. Nel libro c’è la storia dei borghi sacrificati alla necessità di creare un deposito d’acqua, oppure che si sono salvati. E c’è la storia di questa politica dell’acqua “imprigionata” che compie in Italia il primo secolo di disastri. L’acqua è (anche) una fonte di energia, ma imprigionarla nelle dighe comporta una contropartita ambientale che spesso ha un prezzo altissimo. Di dighe non se ne realizzano più da tempo, ma ecco che potrebbero tornare di moda, proprio nella rincorsa alle energie rinnovabili, e in un’Italia fortemente cambiata dall’aumento delle temperature ◆ L’articolo di FABIO BALOCCO► Stura, Soana, Vanoi. Non diranno nulla alla stragrande maggioranza dei lettori. Eppure sono a loro modo importanti, anzi, esemplari. Sono tre torrenti dell’arco alpino, i primi due in Piemonte, il terzo a cavallo tra Veneto e Trentino. Tre torrenti incredibilmente intatti. Incredibilmente se ricordiamo che uno studio della Commissione Internazionale per la Protezione delle Alpi, studio del lontano 1992, ammoniva che già il 90% dei corsi d’acqua delle Alpi non versava più in condizioni di naturalità. Per vari fattori: dalle cementificazioni alle derivazioni per scopi agricoli; dagli sversamenti industriali all’idroelettrico (piccolo o grande). Bene, questi tre torrenti di cui dicevo sono ancora intatti, si sono salvati. Da qui la loro eccezionalità. Ma integri potrebbero esserlo non per molto, perché minacciati  di essere sbarrati. Un bel muraglione di qualche decina di metri e stop, l’acqua non scorre più. Come è accaduto a molti torrenti, in Italia, Francia, Svizzera, Austria. Sono le dighe, che possono essere ad uso irriguo, idropotabile, idroelettrico. Se ne sono costruite a centinaia. Il Registro Italiano delle Grandi Dighe ne contava 526 nel 2023 [nota 1].Di dighe però non se ne realizzano più da decenni, ma ecco che oggi sono tornate di moda. Complici soprattutto la ricerca di energia rinnovabile e quella di acqua a scopo irriguo, complice in questo secondo caso il cambiamento climatico in atto, specie sotto la forma delle scarse precipitazioni. Ora, ci sarebbe molto da dire circa la realizzazione di nuovi sbarramenti sui corsi d’acqua. Per quanto riguarda le energie rinnovabili, limitandoci alle Alpi, Enel Green Power nel 2018 calcolava la bellezza di 3200 impianti tra grande e piccolo idroelettrico (inferiore ai 3 MW di potenza) [nota 2]. Verrebbe da dire che le Alpi “hanno già dato”, mutuando una barzelletta ligure, ma qui c’è ben poco da ridere perché la creazione di impianti seppure piccoli sui corsi d’acqua ha spesso decretato la fine del corso stesso, perché il concessionario non rilascia il deflusso minimo vitale previsto per legge. E questo è già un problema. Ma non trascuriamo neppure questo elemento, e cioè che un torrente che scorre libero fa parte integrante del paesaggio ed anzi ne costituisce un elemento fondamentale e di sicuro richiamo turistico. A margine, ma non poi molto, la considerazione che prima di pensare a nuove fonti di energia si dovrebbe affrontare il tema di cosa serve. Per quanto riguarda invece l’uso irriguo, siamo alla follia perché si pretende di avere più acqua senza fare nulla né sul fronte del risparmio della risorsa, né su quello dell’alimentazione, visto che la stragrande maggioranza della ricorsa non serve all’uomo ma per far crescere mais, soia, insomma foraggio, per alimentare animali costipati in allevamenti intensivi. Insomma, davvero si vogliono sacrificare gli ultimi corsi d’acqua integri? Non è antistorico, tanto più oggi che l’obiettivo della strategia dell’Unione Europea per la biodiversità è liberare 25.000 km di fiumi entro il 2030? Ed esso include anche la rimozione delle barriere non necessarie [nota 3].È  in considerazione di questo rinnovato interesse per la realizzazione di nuove dighe che ho voluto ricordare — a distanza di un secolo — quando i primi invasi furono realizzati sull’arco alpino occidentale, giusto per soddisfare le esigenze di energia elettrica dell’industria della pianura. Ma quel fenomeno che fu l’inizio della colonizzazione delle Terre Alte e che fu altresì il motore dello sviluppo non fu senza conseguenze. Conseguenze che furono non soltanto ambientali, ma anche territoriali e sociali, con la sommersione di intere borgate e Comuni dell’arco alpino, e conseguente espulsione degli abitanti. Una pagina triste e malinconica: un esempio di quella che io chiamo una “storia con la esse minuscola”, che si è portati a nascondere, a non narrare. Cosa che invece io ho voluto fare. Perché nessuna azione dell’uomo è a impatto zero, e spesso l’impatto è anche sui suoi simili. di Italia Libera   10-04-2024 - 05:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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