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Non solo nei teatri di guerra di Italia Libera   11-06-2024 - 05:57 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} In risalto va posto anzitutto il problema dei giornalisti che operano al di fuori dei locali aziendali. E, per farlo, occorre rispondere correttamente a una domanda: quali sono i luoghi in cui deve essere tutelata la sicurezza dei lavoratori? Sembra una domanda facile, eppure sorgono tanti equivoci, causati dalla definizione di “luogo di lavoro” dettata nell’articolo 62 del Testo Unico della Sicurezza sul Lavoro (Tusl). La nostra Cassazione può vantare il merito d’aver raccolto il messaggio lanciato dalle Istituzioni Europee, quanto mai insistenti nel mettere in luce che, «con l’emergere di nuove forme organizzative, modelli aziendali e industrie, il concetto di luogo di lavoro sta diventando più fluido ma anche più complesso». Vediamo perché ◆ L’analisi di RAFFAELE GUARINIELLO, giurista ► Mi accade in questi giorni di sentirmi rivolgere una domanda: anche i giornalisti debbono essere protetti contro i rischi lavorativi? E siccome rispondo di sì, noto spesso reazioni di sorpresa. Eppure, anche i giornalisti rientrano tra i lavoratori tutelati dal Testo Unico della Sicurezza sul Lavoro (Tusl). Anzitutto, naturalmente, quando operano all’interno delle redazioni. Dove possono essere esposti, non solo a rischi quali quelli inerenti alle attrezzature di lavoro o a rischi elettrici o d’incendio, ma persino a rischi chimici quale ancora oggi l’amianto presente in più di una struttura. Ma quel che maggiormente occorre porre in risalto è il problema dei giornalisti che operano al di fuori dei locali aziendali. Il fatto è che occorre rispondere correttamente a una domanda: quali sono i luoghi in cui deve essere tutelata la sicurezza dei lavoratori? Sembra una domanda facile, eppure quanti equivoci. Equivoci causati dalla definizione di “luogo di lavoro” dettata nell’articolo 62 del Tusl. Dove per luoghi di lavoro s’intendono «i luoghi destinati ad ospitare posti di lavoro, ubicati all’interno dell’azienda o dell’unità produttiva, nonché ogni altro luogo di pertinenza dell’azienda o dell’unità produttiva accessibile al lavoratore nell’ambito del proprio lavoro». Una definizione, dunque, restrittiva. Ma ancora oggi molti non sanno che lo stesso articolo 62 stabilisce che questa definizione non vale ai fini dell’applicazione delle massima parte delle norme del Tusl, e, in particolare, delle norme che prevedono i fondamentali obblighi di sicurezza, dalla valutazione dei rischi alla formazione, dalla vigilanza alla sorveglianza sanitaria. Se ne è resa conto, invece, la Corte di Cassazione, per la prima volta nell’ambito di un processo che abbiamo fatto a Torino. E quindi non stupisce che ancora ultimamente la Cassazione affermi questo principio: «Nella nozione di ‘luogo di lavoro’, rilevante ai fini della sussistenza dell’obbligo di attuare le misure antinfortunistiche, rientra ogni luogo in cui viene svolta e gestita una qualsiasi attività implicante prestazioni di lavoro, indipendentemente dalle finalità – sportive, ludiche, artistiche, di addestramento o altro – della struttura in cui essa si svolge».In questo modo, la Cassazione può vantare il merito d’aver raccolto il messaggio lanciato dalle Istituzioni Europee, quanto mai insistenti nel mettere in luce che, «con l’emergere di nuove forme organizzative, modelli aziendali e industrie, il concetto di luogo di lavoro sta diventando più fluido ma anche più complesso», e «lo sviluppo della tecnologia ha ampliato la possibilità di ‘trasferire’ il lavoro al di fuori dei luoghi ad esso tradizionalmente deputati e ha favorito la nascita di forme di organizzazione del lavoro del tutto nuove». Dunque, ogni luogo di lavoro. Anche una strada in cui i lavoratori si trovino esclusivamente a dover transitare, se tuttavia il transito è necessario per provvedere alle incombenze loro affidate. Ogni luogo di lavoro. In Italia, e, si badi, all’estero. Persino, ha detto ancora la Cassazione, una nave battente bandiera indiana ormeggiata nella baia antistante il porto di Bombay. Una esemplare conferma di questi principi è fornita dalla Commissione Interpelli del ministero del Lavoro in risposta a un quesito volto a sapere «se nell’obbligo giuridico in capo al datore di lavoro della valutazione di tutti i rischi per la salute e la sicurezza con la conseguente elaborazione del documento di valutazione dei rischi sia ricompresa anche la valutazione della situazione ambientale e di sicurezza intesa anche come security, in particolare in paesi esteri ma non solo, legata a titolo esemplificativo ma non esaustivo ad eventi di natura geo politica, atti criminali di terzi, belligeranza». Ed ecco la convincente, e altamente impegnativa anche per le imprese editoriali, risposta data dalla Commissione, più che mai significativa anche con riguardo ai giornalisti inviati all’estero:«Il datore di lavoro deve valutare tutti i rischi compresi i potenziali e peculiari rischi ambientali legati alle caratteristiche del Paese in cui la prestazione lavorativa dovrà essere svolta, quali a titolo esemplificativo, i cosiddetti ‘rischi generici aggravati’, legati alla situazione geopolitica del Paese (es. guerre civili, attentati, ecc.) e alle condizioni sanitarie del contesto geografico di riferimento non considerati astrattamente, ma che abbiano la ragionevole e concreta possibilità di manifestarsi in correlazione all’attività lavorativa svolta».Un obbligo, questo, che – come qualsiasi valutazione dei rischi presenti nei luoghi di lavoro – deve essere indelegabilmente assolto dal datore di lavoro: da quel datore di lavoro che – insegna ancora la Cassazione – nelle imprese gestite da Società per Azioni, deve essere individuato dal Consiglio di Amministrazione tra i propri membri interni. © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   11-06-2024 - 05:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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