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Povertà assoluta, sale a 4 milioni il numero di italiani nel 2016Ottanta anni fa le torture nazifasciste spengono Leone Ginzburg nel carcere di Regina Coeli di Italia Libera   05-02-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,ETF#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} Sandro Pertini, futuro Presidente della Repubblica, lo aveva incrociato il 9 dicembre 1943 in un corridoio del carcere con il viso insanguinato e una mascella fratturata, dopo l’ultimo interrogatorio delle SS. Catturato dalla polizia fascista il 20 novembre, il direttore de “L’Italia Libera” stava per raggiungere redattori e tipografi che lavorano all’edizione clandestina del giornale del Partito d’Azione in uno scantinato di Via Basento 55 a Roma. Quasi tre mesi di torture e violenze e l’intelligenza del grande letterato antifascista, docente di letteratura russa, uno dei fondatori della casa editrice Einaudi, fra i principali animatori della cultura italiana negli anni Trenta del Novecento, viene spenta dagli aguzzini nazifascisti all’alba del 5 febbraio 1944. Era nato a Odessa il 4 aprile 1909. Non aveva compiuto ancora 35 anni ◆ L’articolo di IGOR STAGLIANÒ► La notte tra il 4 e il 5 febbraio Leone Ginzburg è nell’infermeria di Regina Coeli. Si sente male e chiede all’infermiere di chiamare il medico per soccorrerlo. L’infermiere si rifiuta di farlo. Erano gli ordini: lasciarlo morire così, dopo le torture subìte nel braccio controllato dai nazisti. Sandro Pertini, futuro Presidente della Repubblica, lo aveva incrociato qualche settimana prima, il 9 dicembre 1943, in un corridoio del carcere con il viso insanguinato e una mascella fratturata. Il grande letterato antifascista, docente di letteratura russa, uno dei fondatori della casa editrice Einaudi a Torino, fra i principali animatori della cultura italiana negli anni Trenta del Novecento, davanti alla luce fioca della stanza dà fondo alle sue ultime forze per scrivere un biglietto d’addio alla sua amata moglie Natalia: «Bacia i bambini. Vi benedico tutti e quattro, e vi ringrazio di essere al mondo. Ti amo, ti bacio, amore mio. Ti amo con tutte le fibre dell’essere mio. Non ti preoccupare troppo per me. Immagina che io sia un prigioniero di guerra; ce ne sono tanti, soprattutto in questa guerra; e nella stragrande maggioranza torneranno. Auguriamoci di essere nel maggior numero, non è vero, Natalia? Ti bacio ancora e ancora e ancora. Sii coraggiosa».Natalia Levi Ginzburg lo aveva raggiunto nella capitale occupata dai tedeschi e in preda alla fame, dopo la caduta di Mussolini il 25 luglio del ’43. Erano fuggiti da tre anni di confino fascista trascorso a Pizzoli nell’Alto Aterno in provincia dell’Aquila. Natalia aveva viaggiato su un camion tedesco raccontando di essere una sfollata di Napoli priva di documenti. Con i tre figlioletti (Carlo di 4 anni, Andrea di 3 e la piccola Alessandra, nata da pochi mesi) avevano trovato alloggio in un piccolo appartamento in Viale delle Province. Usano documenti e nomi falsi, dicono di essere fratello e sorella e i figli piccoli devono chiamare il papà “zio”. All’alba del 21 novembre del 1943 alla porta di casa bussa il loro amico Adriano Olivetti. Comunica a Natalia che Leone era stato arrestato il giorno prima.  La mattina del 20 il direttore de “L’Italia Libera” era uscito di casa per raggiungere redattori e tipografi che lavorano all’edizione clandestina del giornale del Partito d’Azione in uno scantinato di Via Basento 55 a Roma. Viene bloccato prima dell’ultimo gradino dalla polizia fascista. Sui suoi documenti c’è il nome di Leonida Gianturco. Lo stesso nome della tessera annonaria, che serve per procurarsi da vivere nella Roma occupata. Le iniziali sui due documenti sono vere, il nome no. La polizia non sa ancora chi sia l’uomo a cui ha messo le manette ai polsi. Lo portano a Regina Coeli. Il calvario di torture e violenze nella mani degli aguzzini nazisti comincia qualche giorno dopo, ai primi di dicembre. I fascisti avevano passato alle SS la sua vecchia scheda segnaletica, compilata quand’era stato arrestato e marchiato come antifascista per aver aderito al movimento Giustizia e Libertà. È l’inizio della fine per il grande letterato ebreo nato a Odessa il 4 aprile 1909. La sua grande intelligenza i nazifascisti riescono a spegnerla all’alba del 5 febbraio di 80 anni fa. Leone muore a 35 anni ancora da compiere.Seguendo il consiglio di Adriano Olivetti di mettersi in salvo e tenere al sicuro i bambini, Natalia s’era intanto nascosta in un convento di monache. Al suo amato Leone scriverà Memoria una poesia struggente: «Gli uomini vanno e vengono per le strade della città.Comprano cibo e giornali, muovono a imprese diverse.Hanno roseo il viso, le labbra vivide e piene.Sollevasti il lenzuolo per guardare il suo viso,ti chinasti a baciarlo con un gesto consueto.Ma era l’ultima volta. Era il viso consueto,solo un poco più stanco. E il vestito era quello di sempre.E le scarpe eran quelle di sempre. E le mani erano quelleche spezzavano il pane e versavano il vino.Oggi ancora nel tempo che passa sollevi il lenzuoloa guardare il suo viso per l’ultima volta.Se cammini per strada, nessuno ti è accanto,se hai paura, nessuno ti prende la mano.E non è tua la strada, non è tua la città.Non è tua la città illuminata: la città illuminata è degli altri,degli uomini che vanno e vengono comprando cibi e giornali.Puoi affacciarti un poco alla quieta finestra,e guardare in silenzio il giardino nel buio.Allora quando piangevi c’era la sua voce serena;e allora quando ridevi c’era il suo riso sommesso.Ma il cancello che a sera s’apriva resterà chiuso per sempre;e deserta è la tua giovinezza, spento il fuoco, vuota la casa».“Memoria” fu pubblicata sulla rivista “Mercurio” dieci mesi dopo la morte di Leone, nel dicembre 1944. © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   05-02-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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