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Annie Ernaux, qual è la verità del racconto?Scoperto il segreto della 'Mummia urlante',BlackRock Italia è morta gridando dal dolore di Adnkronos   02-08-2024 - 14:45 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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(Adnkronos Salute) - Stesa in una bara di legno, sulla testa una parrucca nera, due anelli scarabeo in argento e oro sulle dita, la bocca aperta in una smorfia simile a un grido. E' stata trovata così, nel 1935 durante una spedizione a Deir Elbahari nei pressi di Luxor, l'antica Tebe, una donna egizia di circa 3.500 anni fa che scosse gli archeologi per quell'espressione inquietante disegnata sul volto. La soprannominarono 'Mummia urlante' e la sua storia rimase avvolta da un mistero che la ricerca scientifica ha più volte cercato di svelare. Oggi, 89 anni dopo essere stata riportata alla luce, la 'Donna che urla' e il suo segreto tornano al centro di uno studio pubblicato su 'Frontiers in Medicine'. La conclusione degli autori dà i brividi: "L'espressione facciale urlante della mummia potrebbe essere letta come uno spasmo cadaverico" e ciò "implica che la donna sia morta gridando per l'agonia o il dolore", sentenzia Sahar Saleem, professoressa di radiologia dell'ospedale Kasr Al Ainy dell'università del Cairo, che insieme alla collega Samia El-Merghani ha 'sezionato virtualmente' la mummia utilizzando tutte le tecnologie a disposizione del radiologo moderno. Dalla Tac (tomografia computerizzata) alla microscopia elettronica a scansione (Sem), fino alla spettroscopia infrarossa a trasformata di Fourier (Ftir) e alla diffrazione a raggi X (Xrd). Obiettivo degli esami: stimare l'età della donna, identificarne eventuali malattie, capire le procedure usate per imbalsamarla e valutare lo stato di conservazione del reperto arrivato fino a noi. A guidare le lontane operazioni di scavo fu il Metropolitan Museum di New York. La tomba era quella di Senmut, architetto supervisore dei lavori reali, presumibilmente amante della regina Hatschepsut vissuta fra il 1479 e il 1458 a.C. Sotto la sua sepoltura gli archeologi scoprirono una camera funeraria separata destinata alla madre di Senmut e ad altri parenti non meglio identificati. E' qui che trovarono la bara della 'Donna urlante', la cui mummia fu conservata fino al 1998 presso la Scuola di Medicina Kasr Al Ainy del Cairo, che negli anni '20 e '30 del secolo scorso studiò molte mummie reali tra cui il faraone Tutankhamon. Su richiesta del ministero delle Antichità egiziano, la 'Mummia urlante' è stata poi trasferita al Museo Egizio del Cairo, mentre la sua bara e suoi i monili sono esposti al Metropolitan di NYC. Diverse le informazioni che l'équipe di Saleem è riuscita a ricavare: la donna era alta circa 1 metro e 54 centimetri, soffriva di artrite, aveva subito degli interventi ai denti e morì a intorno ai 48 anni. E a quanto pare non si è spenta serenamente, considerando che "lo spasmo cadaverico - descrivono gli esperti - è una forma rara di irrigidimento muscolare tipicamente associato a morti violente in condizioni fisiche estreme con emozioni intense". In questo caso, un grande dolore che lo spasmo ha fissato per sempre. Agli archeologi che l'hanno rinvenuta la 'Mummia urlante' è apparsa ancora in buone condizioni. Senza bende, giaceva supina con le gambe distese e le mani giunte sopra l'inguine. Il corpo non mostrava incisioni, e infatti cervello, diaframma, cuore, polmoni, fegato, milza e reni non erano stati rimossi in fase di imbalsamazione, nonostante le classiche tecniche di mummificazione di quel periodo prevedessero l'asportazione di tutti gli organi ad eccezione del cuore. In compenso alla donna mancavano diversi denti, probabilmente estratti da uno dei primi dentisti della storia. "L'odontoiatria è nata nell'antico Egitto con Hesy Re, il primo medico dentista noto al mondo", rimarca Saleem. Che i denti assenti fossero stati persi prima della morte lo indicavano le evidenze di riassorbimento osseo, un processo che si verifica quando un dente esce e l'alveolo guarisce. Altri denti della mummia erano rotti o mostravano segni di attrito. L'altezza della 'Donna urlante' è stata stimata grazie alle immagini Tc in 2D e 3D, mentre l'età al decesso è stata dedotta dalla morfologia dell'articolazione fra le ossa pelviche, che si ammorbidisce con l'età. Soffriva di una leggera forma di artrite della colonna vertebrale, sulla quale apparivano degli 'speroni ossei' (osteofiti). Le analisi Ftir condotte sulla pelle suggerivano che la donna aveva ricevuto un'imbalsamazione 'di lusso', con ginepro e incenso forse importati dal Mediterraneo orientale e dall'Africa orientale o meridionale. Materiali costosi, fa notare Saleem, tanto da essere stati "trovati anche nella tomba di Tutankhamon". Queste osservazioni confermano "il commercio di sostanze per l'imbalsamazione nell'antico Egitto. La spedizione guidata dalla regina Hatshepsut portò l'incenso da Punt, probabilmente nell'attuale Somalia", racconta la docente. Anche i capelli naturali della donna erano stati trattati con materiali preziosi come henné e ginepro. Mentre per la lunga parrucca, realizzata con fibre di palma da dattero, erano stati usati cristalli di quarzo, magnetite e albite forse per irrigidire le ciocche e conferire loro il colore nero. Il preferito dagli antichi egizi perché simbolo di giovinezza.L'imbalsamazione con sostanze importate e costose e l'aspetto ben conservato della mummia correggono un vecchio equivoco. Prima si pensava infatti che la mancata rimozione degli organi interni fosse legata a una cattiva mummificazione, e che imbalsamatori imprudenti potessero aver scordato di chiudere la bocca alla donna, lasciando che il rigor mortis la 'freezasse' con un'espressione simile a quella di chi urla. Non è così, assicurano gli autori del nuovo studio. Nessuna causa evidente di morte è stata comunque trovata sul corpo. Il mistero, insomma, rimane. di Adnkronos   02-08-2024 - 14:45 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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