Legittima difesa, la polemica e il futuro della proposta di legge

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Programma centrodestra: i tre leader firmano l'intesaTumori: un 'Intranet' delle cellule bersaglio per nuove cure,Campanella studio italiano di Adnkronos   03-07-2024 - 18:43 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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(Adnkronos Salute) - La scoperta di una via di comunicazione alternativa all'interno delle cellule, una sorta di 'Intranet molecolare', potrebbe portare a nuove cure contro i tumori. E' la prospettiva aperta da uno studio firmato da scienziati dell'Istituto europeo di oncologia (Ieo) e dell'università Statale di Milano, finanziato dalla Fondazione Airc per la ricerca sul cancro e dall'Ue attraverso l'Erc (European Research Council). I risultati sono pubblicati su 'Nature Communications'. Sulla propria superficie - spiegano Ieo e UniMi - le cellule hanno recettori che agiscono come antenne: ricevono segnali dal mondo esterno, che intercettano e trasferiscono all'interno della cellula. Sono segnali di importanza vitale, perché generano specifiche istruzioni di comportamento. Quando un recettore si lega a una molecola-segnale esterna, innesca infatti una cascata di reazioni chimiche all'interno della cellula, che alla fine raggiunge il nucleo, la centrale di controllo. Qui le istruzioni vengono ricevute ed elaborate in modo da generare una specifica risposta cellulare. A seconda di qual è, la cellula può agire in diversi modi: per esempio può spostarsi in una determinata direzione o dividersi in due cellule figlie. Fino a poco tempo fa si credeva che questa comunicazione a lungo raggio, dalla superficie cellulare al nucleo, fosse l'unico modo in cui le cellule potessero rispondere a uno stimolo esterno. Lo studio svela invece l'esistenza di un'altra via, un 'piano B' per la comunicazione intracellulare, che i tumori potrebbero far saltare e che può dunque rappresentare un nuovo bersaglio terapeutico."La nostra ricerca - illustra Sara Sigismund, responsabile scientifica dello studio, ricercatrice del Dipartimento di Oncologia molecolare Ieo e professore associato in Statale - ha rivelato che un particolare recettore per fattori di crescita, noto come Egfr, può comunicare direttamente con alcuni organelli all'interno della cellula. Gli Egfr sono coinvolti in molte funzioni biologiche essenziali come la proliferazione, la sopravvivenza o la migrazione, ma anche in malattie come il cancro. Abbiamo dimostrato che, quando questi recettori vengono attivati da alte concentrazioni di uno specifico fattore di crescita, alcuni organelli all'interno della cellula si avvicinano alla superficie cellulare dove sono localizzati i recettori attivati. Tra questi organelli vi sono il reticolo endoplasmatico, un sistema di membrane intercomunicanti della cellula, e i mitocondri, responsabili della produzione di energia. Grazie al loro spostamento, i recettori attivati possono interagire direttamente con il reticolo endoplasmatico e i mitocondri influenzandone la funzione metabolica e causando un aumento della produzione di energia, con un doppio risultato". "Da un lato - descrive la scienziata - è promossa la rimozione del recettore dalla superficie cellulare e la sua degradazione. La conseguenza è l'eliminazione delle 'antenne' per i fattori di crescita che, non trovando più recettori a cui legarsi, non sono più in grado di trasmettere alla cellula i propri ordini di proliferazione. Dall'altro lato, viene stimolato il macchinario cellulare responsabile del movimento cellulare. Pertanto, la rete di comunicazione interna tra gli organelli sembra essere importante per garantire una adeguata risposta cellulare a concentrazioni elevate di fattore di crescita: una reazione in grado di inibire la crescita cellulare e promuovere il movimento della cellula stessa. Questa rete potrebbe essere alterata nei tumori". "La proliferazione cellulare e il movimento - commenta Pier Paolo Di Fiore, responsabile del Programma di Novel Diagnostics allo Ieo, professore UniMi e coautore dell'articolo - sono due funzioni chiave per lo sviluppo dei tumori nell'organismo. La prima è responsabile della crescita tumorale, mentre il movimento può dare origine alle metastasi. L'identificazione di questa via di comunicazione potrebbe quindi fornire le basi per studi volti alla messa a punto di nuove terapie anticancro. Si potrebbe infatti interferire con questa via bloccando le risposte cellulari indesiderate: la proliferazione o la migrazione. L'organismo umano ha una sua regia della vita, ma il cancro devia dal copione per seguirne uno tutto suo, stravolgendo gli equilibri. Interferire con la comunicazione che causa questa deviazione sarebbe una strategia terapeutica innovativa e promettente". di Adnkronos   03-07-2024 - 18:43 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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