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Alcune interessanti peculiarità per chi vuole aprire una nuova partita ivaRicerca: scoperto microrganismo intestinale chiave nel rapporto fra dieta e salute di Adnkronos   08-07-2024 - 17:11 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,MACD#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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(Adnkronos Salute) - Si chiama Blastocystis, è un non-batterio che abita nell'intestino e - lungi dall'essere un "parassita indesiderato" come veniva considerato in passato - gioca un ruolo chiave nel rapporto fra dieta e salute. In sintesi, dipende anche da lui se ognuno di noi risponde diversamente a un determinato regime alimentare, risultando più o meno predisposto a sviluppare malattie intestinali e cardiometaboliche. Lo ha scoperto un gruppo di ricerca dell'Istituto europeo di oncologia (Ieo) di Milano e dell'università di Trento, in uno studio pubblicato su 'Cell' e finanziato dalla start-up inglese Zoe e da diversi programmi della Comunità europea. Al lavoro, coordinato da Nicola Segata, professore ordinario del Dipartimento di biologia cellulare, computazionale e integrata (Cibio) dell'università di Trento e principal investigator presso il Laboratorio di metagenomica computazionale dell'Ieo, e da Francesco Asnicar, ricercatore del Cibio, hanno collaborato altri team italiani dell'università di Napoli Federico II e dell'università degli Studi di Sassari, e diversi gruppi internazionali, in particolare del King's College di Londra in Gb e di Harvard a Boston, Usa. Gli autori hanno raccolto e analizzato 56.989 campioni di microbiota intestinale di persone di 32 nazioni, per analizzare come la presenza di Blastocystis è associata a dieta e salute. Blastocystis, microrganismo eucariote del microbiota intestinale, era già noto al team di Segata. In una ricerca precedente su circa mille persone, l'équipe aveva infatti notato che i soggetti con Blastocystis mostravano risposte glicemiche più favorevoli, cioè un minor rialzo dell'indice glicemico a fronte dell'assunzione di zuccheri. Il nuovo studio è andato oltre, mostrando che la prevalenza di Blastocystis è legata alla geografia, allo stile di vita e alle abitudini alimentari, e che la sua presenza corrisponde a un minore indice di massa corporea e a una minore probabilità di malattie cardiometaboliche."Con questo lavoro - afferma Elisa Piperni, dottoranda Semm (Scuola europea di medicina molecolare), ricercatrice presso il gruppo di Segata in Ieo e prima firma dell'articolo - abbiamo mostrato che Blastocystis è più prevalente e abbondante in persone normopeso rispetto a persone obese, in soggetti sani rispetto a soggetti con malattie intestinali o sistemiche, in chi consuma più frequentemente cibi ricchi di fibre e poco processati, e in soggetti con parametri del sangue indicativi di salute cardiometabolica, rispetto a valori associati a stati di infiammazione, alta colesterolemia e glicemia o ipertensione. Oggi sappiamo che il microbiota svolge un ruolo fondamentale nella nostra salute e che la sua composizione è legata alla dieta, tuttavia i microrganismi e meccanismi responsabili di questo legame sono solo parzialmente conosciuti. In particolare, il ruolo della componente non-batterica del microbiota, e più specificamente di eucarioti unicellulari di cui Blastocystis fa parte, è stato trascurato in passato. Blastocystis si considerava un parassita indesiderato. Invece noi mostriamo che è un indicatore di salute che contribuisce a spiegare perché ognuno di noi ha una risposta individuale alla dieta". "Con questo studio - commentano Segata e Asnicar - abbiamo aperto un nuovo promettente filone di ricerca sugli eucarioti presenti nel microbiota umano, che abbiamo solo iniziato a scalfire in superficie investigando il ruolo di Blastocystis. Ora dobbiamo scoprire come questo microrganismo svolga una funzione positiva. La nostra ricerca si è avvalsa della metagenomica, strumento biotecnologico ad alta risoluzione che permette di studiare tutto il Dna di una comunità microbica, e di metodi computazionali e di intelligenza artificiale che consentono di individuare associazioni tra caratteristiche del microbiota e caratteristiche degli individui. Tuttavia saranno necessari esperimenti specifici in vitro per capire come Blastocystis agisce sul nostro corpo. L'indicazione importante che emerge è che se vogliamo davvero attingere all'enorme tesoro di informazioni del microbiota, e soprattutto capirne l'impatto sulla nostra salute, le analisi future dovranno concentrarsi non solo sui batteri, ma anche su eucarioti, funghi e virus. Una maggior comprensione di tutti i componenti del microbiota ci permetterà in futuro di sfruttarli per sviluppare terapie di medicina e nutrizione di precisione". di Adnkronos   08-07-2024 - 17:11 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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