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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} La tragica vicenda di JJ4, l’orsa che ha ucciso un uomo, non è incomprensibile ma ha una sua spiegazione in errori e gravi leggerezze commesse fin dal “trasloco” forzato e improvviso di alcuni orsi dalla Slovenia – dove vivevano tranquillamente in montagne e foreste solitarie – in un territorio densamente abitato dall’uomo, nel Trentino. Rispondendo alle domande di alcuni attivisti, Franco Tassi, che per tanti anni ha diretto il Parco nazionale d’Abruzzo, e può essere considerato uno dei maggiori esperti europei sulla coabitazione orsi-umani, racconta cosa è stato sbagliato e cosa si dovrebbe fare per arrivare a un'”empatia”  tra le comunità locali e questo grande mammifero L’intervista a più voci con FRANCO TASSI, biologo ambientalista— Perché alcuni orsi vengono definiti “problematici” o “confidenti”?«Questa denominazione, attribuita agli orsi che sono stati abituati a ricevere cibo dall’uomo, oppurene trovano in abbondanza presso i villaggi, o addirittura sono stati attratti per vari scopi con escheolfattive o alimentari, è del tutto sbagliata, perché finisce col farli sembrare colpevoli. In realtàerano stati viziati, deviati, guastati e rovinati (in America infatti li definiscono «spoiled»),dall’uomo, il quale è il vero e unico responsabile di questa anomalia, e ha quindi il preciso doveredi riparare al malfatto. La prima cosa da fare sarebbe però usare le parole giuste, altrimenti sicrea confusione, capovolgendo la pura e semplice verità». — Se lasciato in pace, l’orso sarebbe davvero pericoloso?«Il nostro Orso bruno (alpino o marsicano) è un animale abbastanza pacifico, che tende a evitarel’uomo, associando il suo odore al pericolo. Ma se invece associa l’odore dell’uomo al cibo, siavvicina, e possono crearsi incontri indesiderati. In questi casi occorre evitare di disturbarlo,soprattutto se si tratta di una femmina con cuccioli, per non suscitare reazioni di difesa da parte dimamma orsa».— Cosa pensa della cattura di JJ4, strappata ai suoi cuccioli?«In tutti gli episodi più recenti di incontri-scontri degli orsi con l’uomo in Trentino, appare evidente che i media non hanno fornito cronache obiettive, ma tendenziose, facendoli apparire come belve pericolose, aggressive e scatenate. Ciò che non corrisponde alla realtà, e alla vera natura del plantigrado. Una indagine più approfondita offrirebbe, in molti casi, un quadro ben diverso, e non giustificherebbe certe reazioni violente da parte delle autorità. E comunque, strappare la madre dai cuccioli è stato certamente un grave errore, che poteva essere evitato».— Ci sono soluzioni alternative al trasferimento di JJ4?«In casi del genere, tutto dipende dall’effettivo stato in cui si trova l’animale. Se fosse sano, autosufficiente e non viziato potrebbe, con qualche cautela, essere liberato, cercando però di allontanarlo dalle zone troppo popolate. Tutti i problemi lamentati in Trentino sono sorti infatti perché gli orsi della Slovenia, abituati a vivere tranquillamente in montagne e foreste solitarie, sono stati improvvisamente catapultati in un territorio abitato, e densamente frequentato».— Ritiene utile la creazione di un’area dedicata agli orsi problematici?«Dato che in Trentino esistono ormai numerosi orsi, sarà fisiologico avere un certo numero di individui (feriti, malati, deviati, o comunque non autosufficienti) bisognosi di cure. Essendo impossibile rilasciarli in libertà, la soluzione migliore sarebbe una vasta area faunistica, proprio come era stato fatto nel Parco nazionale d’Abruzzo per il Lupo appenninico».— La liberazione di JJ4 sarebbe possibile, e se sì, come potrebbe essere gestita?«Tutto dipende, come ho detto, dallo stato dell’animale. Se fosse autosufficiente e non viziato, potrebbe essere liberato spingendolo verso zone più tranquille e meno frequentate».— Come farlo?«Abbastanza semplice: ponendo abbondante cibo lungo un corridoio ecologico-alimentare, che porti via via il plantigrado lontano dai villaggi, e dagli incontri con l’uomo. J4 vive attualmente in un recinto di circa 7.000 mq, non sedata e non in gabbia; possibile tenerla in queste condizioni temporaneamente fino alla realizzazione del progetto, che comporta circa sei mesi di lavori? Come soluzione temporanea potrebbe essere accettabile, ma resta il fatto che queste pratiche, utili per il benessere del plantigrado, non risolvono ancora la fondamentale questione della convivenza con l’uomo. Per farlo, la popolazione locale dovrebbe conoscere meglio l’orso, e comprendere come da problema potrebbe trasformarsi in grande e preziosa risorsa».— Come si può trasformare paura e ostilità in convivenza?«L’esempio dell’area faunistica del Lupo appenninico, che il Parco d’Abruzzo aveva realizzato con successo a Civitella Alfedena, è quanto mai eloquente. Mezzo secolo fa, tutti odiavano il lupo e volevano sterminarlo. Oggi, dopo avere ammirato la vita di un branco di questi predatori e constatato con sorpresa quanta attrazione esercitava sull’ecoturismo naturalistico e fotografico, grazie al quale il paese è risorto, sono sempre più decisi a difenderlo strenuamente. Si è creata insomma quella speciale «empatia» che ancora manca tra le comunità locali e l’orso in Trentino. Ma che non sarebbe impossibile promuovere, con una politica ben diversa e più avveduta, non di conflitto, ma di cooperazione (cooperation, not confrontation!). Sarebbe disposto a collaborare in un percorso formativo rivolto alla cittadinanza e ai decisori politici della provincia, in merito alla gestione degli orsi?Certamente sarebbe una iniziativa importante, che potrebbe finalmente capovolgere la situazione: andrebbe studiata bene nei dettagli, tempi e modi. Non meno utile sarebbe anche la creazione, in un villaggio idoneo e disponibile, di un bel Centro Natura dedicato all’Orso, da cui diffondere stimoli e informazioni. Ma per cominciare, sarebbe pure molto efficace la capillare diffusione, anche nelle scuole, nelle istituzioni e nelle associazioni, delle opere naturalistiche e scientifiche più accreditate sull’argomento». (Red) di Italia Libera   15-07-2023 - 05:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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