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Notizie di Politica italiana - Pag. 165Disturbi apprendimento,investimenti psicologa: "Più diagnosi ma ancora tanto sommerso" di Adnkronos   05-07-2024 - 19:02 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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(Adnkronos Salute) - Le diagnosi dei disturbi specifici dell’apprendimento (Dsa) per i bambini e i ragazzi della scuola primaria e secondaria sono in costante e progressivo aumento da oltre 10 anni. Il numero di alunni con Dsa - secondo gli ultimi dati del ministero dell'Istruzione pubblicati nel 2022 - è passato dallo 0,9% dell’anno scolastico 2010/2011 (anno della legge sul tema) al 5,4% nel 2020/2021. "Questi dati evidenziano una crescita ma sarebbe un errore parlare di fenomeno 'esplosivo' o 'fuori controllo'. Sicuramente c'è più attenzione ma c'è anche molto sommerso ancora", spiega all'Adnkronos Salute Deny Menghini, responsabile Psicologia presso la Neuropsichiatria dell'infanzia e dell'adolescenza all'ospedale Bambino Gesù di Roma. Partiamo dalla dimensione del problema, suggerisce Menghini. "In Italia non esistono veri e propri dati epidemiologici. Ma abbiamo un importante lavoro di letteratura scientifica - pubblicato qualche anno fa su Plos one da un gruppo di ricercatori di diverse università italiane - che ha riportato un'analisi su 11.000 bambini. Valutando solo la presenza di dislessia, tra i piccoli dagli 8 ai 10 anni, si è arrivati ad una percentuale del 3,5%. I dati del del 2021, ultimi disponibili, basati sui certificati che vengono consegnati alla scuola e registrati, ci dicono che rispetto alla dislessia la certificazione fornita è del 2,8%. Siamo quindi ancora parecchio sotto la percentuale di diagnosi 'attese'. Se è vero che è aumentata la rilevazione e la percentuale di bambini che presentano la certificazione alla scuola, non abbiamo, nel complesso, una rilevazione completa dei bambini che hanno questo disturbo". Inoltre, "gli unici dati della letteratura riguardano la sola dislessia, il solo il disturbo di lettura. Non sappiamo niente rispetto alla prevalenza del disturbo di scrittura o di calcolo in Italia". Difficile e poco utile anche utilizzare dati internazionali. "Per esempio non possiamo dire quanti bambini con dislessia ci sono nel mondo perché è un problema lingua-dipendente". Dal punto di vista della richiesta di certificazione, però, "sicuramente c'è la percezione generale di un aumento di diagnosi che non vuol dire, ribadisco, che il problema stia crescendo". Rispetto al trend di crescita delle certificazioni è importante ricordare che, aggiunge Menghini, "prima del 2010 in Italia non avevamo una normativa ad hoc sui disturbi dell'apprendimento, avevamo solo delle circolari ministeriali. Molto raramente si presentavano certificazioni. C'era una risposta parziale alle richieste di genitori e scuola, non si potevano applicare misure dispensative e gli strumenti compensativi. In seguito, e in maniera costante, è aumentata la richiesta di valutazione, ma i dati, seppure parziali, ci dicono comunque che le percentuali non sono esagerate". Va evidenziata però la disomogeneità territoriale. "Abbiamo, come in molti altri ambiti, una situazione a macchia di leopardo. La percentuale di diagnosi che ricevono le scuole, va - a seconda delle Regioni - dal 1% fino al 9%", rimarca. In ogni caso oggi rileviamo "sicuramente più attenzione a questo tipo di disturbi, dalle elementari all'università. I dati del Miur indicano, poi, un numero superiore di certificazioni nella scuola secondaria rispetto alla scuola primaria. Questo vuol dire che quando ci dovremmo accorgere del problema non lo facciamo in tempo. Lo facciamo in ritardo. Questo è un elemento di riflessione importante", conclude. di Adnkronos   05-07-2024 - 19:02 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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