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(Adnkronos Salute) - Protagonisti indiscussi dell'estate nelle ore di relax al mare o in montagna, compagni di viaggio di chi va in ferie nelle lunghe ore su treni, aerei e autobus, ma anche scaccianoia collettivo per divertirsi insieme. Sono i giochi enigmistici: cruciverba, sudoku, indovinelli, rebus. Passatempi che potrebbero avere un valore che va oltre il divertimento. Ma aiutano davvero a mantenere il cervello in salute? A rispondere - in occasione del World Brain Day - sono i medici anti-fake news del portale 'Dottore, ma è vero che...?', curato dalla Fnomceo (Federazione nazionale degli Ordini medici). "Questi e altri enigmi logici aiutano ad allenare le capacità cerebrali durante la stagione meno frenetica dell'anno - analizzano - Secondo diversi studi scientifici, poi, risolvere giochi enigmistici contribuirebbe a mantenere giovane il cervello, rallentando gli effetti dell’invecchiamento". "Negli ultimi anni sempre più ricercatori hanno dato prova della stretta relazione che esiste fra la qualità delle funzioni cognitive in età avanzata e la pratica dell'enigmistica - si legge nel focus dedicato a parole crociate & Co - Gli studi più recenti che hanno utilizzato dati provenienti da campioni rappresentativi e su larga scala della popolazione anziana hanno dimostrato che, rispetto ai coetanei che non amano le parole crociate, gli ultra 50enni con la passione per questo tipo di giochi riportano punteggi più alti nei test sull’attenzione, sul ragionamento e sulla memoria. Altri ricercatori si sono spinti oltre, suggerendo che divertirsi con la risoluzione di cruciverba, sudoku e altri enigmi logici diminuisce il rischio di demenza senile".Perché i cruciverba fanno bene al cervello? "Giocare alle parole crociate richiede un certo impegno, è uno stimolo per il pensiero critico, permette di esercitare il ragionamento logico e in molti casi favorisce la socialità - spiegano gli esperti - La stimolazione cognitiva che deriva da questo hobby, così come dalla lettura di un romanzo, dall'apprendimento di una lingua straniera e in generale da tutte quelle attività che mantengono il cervello allenato, può aumentare la resilienza cerebrale, cioè la capacità del cervello di affrontare i cambiamenti che possono portare a una malattia, favorendo la comunicazione tra neuroni e consentendo un utilizzo più efficiente delle reti neuronali". La scienza risponde anche a chi si chiede quanti cruciverba si dovrebbero fare per tenersi in allenamento: "Dopo aver seguito per 5 anni quasi 500 anziani sani all'inizio dell'esperimento, uno studio dell'Albert Einstein College of Medicine ha dimostrato che gli over 75 che risolvono cruciverba 4 volte a settimana hanno un rischio quasi dimezzato di ammalarsi di demenza senile rispetto a chi si dedica a questo tipo di attività una volta a settimana o più raramente".In generale, fra le ricerche che hanno documentato la frequenza con cui le persone di una certa età si dedicano all'enigmistica, le performance cognitive più alte erano associate a un uso quotidiano di questo passatempo. Ma si può dire che è un elisir contro l'Alzheimer? "Premesso che non esistono farmaci in grado di prevenire la malattia di Alzheimer e altre malattie neurodegenerative - chiariscono i medici - le conclusioni cui sono giunti negli anni alcuni studi suggeriscono la possibilità che l'enigmistica diventi uno strumento alla portata di tutti per il potenziamento delle funzioni cerebrali delle persone con un lieve deterioramento cognitivo". Per esempio, fa notare il blog della Harvard Medical School, in uno studio del 2022 che aveva indagato i presunti benefici dell'enigmistica su un gruppo di anziani con diagnosi di Alzheimer, i miglioramenti riscontrati nel peggioramento cognitivo e neurologico dei pazienti erano paragonabili agli effetti di un tipo di farmaci utilizzati nel trattamento delle forme meno gravi di questa malattia. A conclusioni simili era arrivato qualche anno prima anche un team di ricercatori inglesi. Dopo aver confrontato le prestazioni cognitive degli over 50 che giocano spesso a sudoku con quelle dei coetanei che non lo fanno quasi mai, i ricercatori avevano scoperto che il miglioramento riportato dai primi era paragonabile agli effetti di un farmaco usato per gestire i sintomi della malattia di Alzheimer. Tuttavia, gli stessi autori sottolineano la necessità di esperimenti controllati e a lungo termine, che al momento scarseggiano, prima di trarre conclusioni definitive.L'ultima domanda a cui risponde il portale dei medici anti-fake news è: Possiamo dire che giocare all'enigmistica mantiene il cervello giovane? "Anche se si sarebbe tentati di concludere che le parole crociate aiutano a prevenire l'invecchiamento cerebrale, le evidenze scientifiche di cui disponiamo al momento presentano alcune criticità - puntualizzano gli esperti - Innanzitutto, anche se parliamo di invecchiamento fisiologico, non si hanno ancora informazioni definitive su un eventuale rapporto di causalità. La maggior parte degli studi che dimostra l'esistenza di un legame fra invecchiamento cognitivo ed enigmistica è di tipo osservazionale, cioè scatta solo 'un'istantanea' di questa relazione, mentre per dimostrare una corretta inferenza causale sono necessari studi controllati. In attesa che la ricerca scientifica produca evidenze più solide, nulla vieta di portare in spiaggia la propria rivista di enigmistica preferita. Facendo attenzione, dopo qualche pagina, ad alzarsi dalla sdraio. Perché, non dimentichiamolo, anche per il cervello il movimento è il modo più efficace per proteggersi dai danni dell’età che avanza". di Adnkronos   22-07-2024 - 19:09 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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